Acute effects of footwear on running impact loading in the preschool years.
Plesek J, Hamill J, Blaschova D, et al (2022)
Acute effects of footwear on running impact loading in the preschool years.
The aim of this study was to assess acute effects of footwear conditions (barefoot, minimalist and standard running shoes) on running impact loading in the preschool years. Fourty-eight habitually shod preschool children (26 males and 22 females) were divided into four age groups (3-, 4-, 5- and 6-year-old). Children performed a simple running game in three different conditions. Three-dimensional biomechanical analysis was carried out during overground running. Statistical parametric mapping was performed on the vertical ground reaction force profiles during the stance phase and one-way repeated measures ANOVA on the vertical instantaneous loading rate. Three-year-old children displayed significantly lower vertical ground reaction force values in the barefoot condition compared to minimalist (3-7% stance) and standard running shoes (7-11% stance). There were also differences in vertical instantaneous loading rate, where 3-year-olds had lower loading when barefoot than in minimalist (p = 0.010, d = 1.19) or running shoes (p = 0.045, d = 0.98), despite no differences in the footstrike pattern (mostly rearfoot-midfoot strike). No differences were found for the older children. Running in minimalist shoes did not imitate barefoot running in 3-year-old children. On the contrary, increased loading was observed in minimalist shoes in early running developmental stages.
本研究の目的は、未就学児期における靴の状態（裸足、ミニマリスト、標準的なランニングシューズ）がランニングの衝撃荷重に及ぼす急性影響を評価することであった。靴を履く習慣のある就学前児童48名（男性26名、女性22名）を4つの年齢グループ（3歳、4歳、5歳、6歳）に分けた。3つの条件下で簡単なランニングゲームを行った．地上走行時の3次元バイオメカニクス解析を実施した．立脚相の垂直方向地面反力プロファイルについては統計的パラメトリックマッピングを行い，垂直方向瞬時荷重率については一元配置反復測定ANOVAを行った．3歳児は、ミニマリスト（3-7％立脚）および標準的なランニングシューズ（7-11％立脚）に比べ、裸足状態で有意に低い垂直方向地面反力値を示した。また、垂直方向の瞬時荷重率にも差があり、3歳児は、足踏みパターン（ほとんどが後足部-中足部打撃）に差がないにもかかわらず、裸足時の荷重がミニマリスト（p = 0.010, d = 1.19) やランニングシューズ（p = 0.045, d = 0.98) に比べて小さかった。年長児では、差は見られなかった。ミニマリストシューズでのランニングは、3歳児では裸足ランニングを模倣することはなかった。それどころか、ランニングの発達初期段階において、ミニマリストシューズでは負荷の増加が観察された。